Explanation
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model consists of seven layers. These layers, from the bottom to the top, are:
- Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection between devices and the transmission of raw data over a physical medium.
- Data Link Layer: Responsible for creating a reliable link between two directly connected nodes, addressing, and error detection.
- Network Layer: Manages the routing of data packets between devices on different networks, including logical addressing and routing.
- Transport Layer: Ensures reliable end-to-end communication, including error detection, flow control, and retransmission of lost or corrupted data.
- Session Layer: Manages sessions or connections between applications, allowing them to establish, maintain, and terminate communication sessions.
- Presentation Layer: Handles data format translation and encryption/decryption, ensuring that the data sent from the application layer of one system can be understood by the application layer of another.
- Application Layer: Provides network services directly to end-users or applications, including communication protocols and interfaces for network-aware applications.